Monkeypox: The World's Latest Health Crisis
A highly contagious and severe strain of pox has made headlines across continents following a major outbreak in central Africa, and AIIMS Delhi has recently issued guidelines to treat suspected patients. With the possibility of dire situations occuring, it is crucial to educate oneself about the potential and prevention of Mpox.
The global outbreak of mpox was declared a public health emergency of international concern on 23 July 2022 by the World Health Organization (WHO). The WHO defined Mpox (monkeypox) as an infectious disease caused by the monkeypox virus which belongs to the same family of viruses that causes smallpox. Though it has symptoms similar to smallpox, it is considered less severe.
Transmission
It is a zoonotic disease, which means that it can spread from animals to humans through bites, aerosol transmission, or contact with infected fluids. However, it can also pass from person to person through –
- Face-to-face exposure – Talking or breathing.
- Skin-to-skin exposure – Touching or direct contact like sexual intercourse.
- Mouth-to-mouth contact – Kissing.
- Mouth-to-skin exposure – Oral sex or kissing the skin.
Respiratory droplets: Large respiratory droplets can spread the virus during prolonged face-to-face contact.
Symptoms
The symptoms include rash, fever, sore throat, swollen lymph nodes, and muscle aches. These symptoms may begin within a week but can start 1–21 days after exposure. Symptoms typically last 2–4 weeks but may last longer in someone with a weakened immune system. Therefore pregnant women and children are considered extremely susceptible to the virus.
Usually, the first sign of recognition of infection are flat sores which develop into blisters filled with liquid, eventually turning into rashes. These rashes can appear anywhere on the body such as:-
- Palms of hands and soles of feet.
- Face, mouth, and throat.
- Groin and genital area.
- Anus.
Prevention
Early testing and vaccination are essential for preventing monkeypox infection.
- Testing: If you have a rash, get a Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) laboratory test done as soon as possible.
- Vaccination: The mpox vaccine can help prevent infection. It should be given within 4 days of contact with someone who has monkeypox (or within up to 14 days if there are no symptoms). However, this vaccine is currently difficult to obtain, and mass vaccination is not currently advised. Travellers at risk should consult with their healthcare providers about vaccination.
Points To Note
Mpox can appear differently on different types of skin. Hence it is crucial to contact a healthcare professional in case of any suspicion.
It is also necessary to note that people who have multiple sex partners or new partners and gay men are at most risk and can catch mpox through sexual fluids, henceforth there is a need to have open and honest communication between partners to get themselves checked regularly for mpox and to ensure that even the slightest doubt regarding symptoms is combated immediately through medical intervention.
In Conclusion
Monkeypox remains a public health concern, and efforts to contain its spread are ongoing. By understanding the transmission routes, symptoms, and prevention measures, individuals can take steps to protect themselves and their communities. Early testing, vaccination, and practicing safe hygiene are essential in mitigating the impact of this infectious disease. As the global health community continues to monitor the situation, it is important to stay informed and follow the guidelines provided by health authorities.
Author
