Is that a terrible menstrual cramp or do I have Dysmenorrhea?
Dysmenorrhea is the medical term for severe painful menstruation. The two types are:
- Primary Dysmenorrhea: This is the type of dysmenorrhea that is not associated with any other pathology. It usually starts a few years after the commencement of menstruation and is caused by the secretion of prostaglandins, chemicals that cause the uterus to contract. Primary dysmenorrhea often begins shortly before or at the onset of menstruation and can continue for one or more days.
- Secondary Dysmenorrhea: Unlike primary dysmenorrhea, which is not based on any specific reproductive health problem, an underlying reproductive health issue causes secondary dysmenorrhea. Conditions such as endometriosis, fibroids, or pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) can cause secondary dysmenorrhea. The pain often starts sooner in the menstrual cycle and can last longer than primary dysmenorrhea.
Symptoms of Dysmenorrhea
The symptoms of dysmenorrhea vary, but typically include:
- Severe cramping in the lower abdomen
- Pain radiating to the lower back and thighs
- Nausea or vomiting
- Diarrhea or constipation
- Headaches or dizziness
- Fatigue
Differentiating between Severe Cramps and Dysmenorrhea
Frequency
Occurrence of menstrual cramps can happen once in a blue moon whereas dysmenorrhea is a severe and frequent pain.
Intensity
Menstrual cramps can be mild, moderate or even severe but manageable with medications or other therapies in worst cases. However, dysmenorrhea is always severe and can be accompanied by symptoms like nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, fainting and headaches.
Cause
Menstrual cramps are generally common and even part of healthy menstrual and reproductive health. Dysmenorrhea’s cause varies between individuals. Examples: Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID), Uterine Fibroids, Endometriosis, Abnormal pregnancy etc.
Treatment
For common menstrual cramps, heat-cold therapy works the best. However, if your pain is worse, over-the-counter pills and medications like NSAIDs.
Treatment for dysmenorrhea varies according to the severity of the disease.
In Conclusion
The distinction between the pain of a regular menstrual cramp and dysmenorrhea is important to note in managing menstrual pains. Light cramps are nothing out of the ordinary; heavier pain may signal some underlying condition that needs to be checked by a professional. Being aware of the signs and seeking appropriate care will be able to help you manage your menstrual health and thus your quality of life.
Source: John Hopkins Medicine, The American College of Obstetrics & Gynaecologists
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