A Service to Your Cervix: An Overview of Cervical Cancer
Introduction
With an estimated 6,60,00 diagnosed cases of cervical cancer worldwide in 2022, it is the fourth most common cancer in people with a female reproductive system. When diagnosed at an early stage, it is also the most successfully treatable form of cancer. With some precautions, you can protect yourself from developing cervical cancer. Let’s take a closer look at what cervical cancer is, and what you can do about it.
What is Cervical Cancer?
It is cancer that starts in the cells of the cervix, which is the narrow lower end of the uterus, connecting the uterus and the vagina.
It can be of two types, depending on the cells where the cancer has started:
Squamous Cell Carcinoma: This develops in the cells of the ectocervix (outer part). Up to 90% of cervical cancers are of this type.
Adenocarcinoma: This develops in the cells of the endocervix (inner part).
What causes Cervical Cancer?
Persistent infection with the human papillomavirus (HPV) causes most cervical malignancies.
Worldwide, 70% of cervical cancer cases are related to two high-risk strains of HPV: HPV 16 and HPV 18. Almost all sexually active people will get infected with HPV at some point, but these infections usually go away on their own owing to the immune functions of the body. Only long-term infection with high-risk strains can lead to cancer.
Though it can occur at any age, it most commonly affects those between 35 and 44.
What are the Symptoms?
Symptoms of cervical cancer usually begin after the cancer has spread, it is asymptomatic in early stages. Some symptoms include:
- vaginal bleeding: after sex, after menopause, between periods
- heavier/longer than normal periods
- watery vaginal discharge with strong odor or blood
- pelvic pain / pain during sex
- swollen legs
- blood in urine
Who is at Risk?
Those who:
- Have a weakened immune system
- Smoke
- Use oral contraceptives and have a high number of births
- Are obese
Tips for Prevention
- HPV Vaccine – It is a safe and effective way of protecting against cancer causing HPV. People of any gender, from age 9 to 45, can get the vaccine. However, best results come from receiving it before engaging in sexual activity. View more here!
- Regular Cancer Screenings – Regular HPV tests and Pap Smears can help identify abnormal cell changes in the cervix and high-risk HPV. Starting from 21, it is recommended to get a Pap test every 3 years, or a HPV/Pap co-test every 5 years.
- Safe Sex Practices – Use condoms and dental dams, discuss STI status with your sexual partner(s).
- Maintaining a Healthy Lifestyle – Avoid smoking, engage in regular physical activity, eat a balanced diet.
- Educate Yourself! – Here is an article to get you started!
In Conclusion
Cervical cancer is the most successfully treatable cancer, and also highly preventable. One can protect themselves from developing it with some proactive efforts such as getting vaccinated, regular testing, practicing safe sex, and avoiding tobacco.
Check out our guides on Cervical Cancer and HPV vaccination!
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1 thought on “A Service to Your Cervix: An Overview of Cervical Cancer”
Well written and informative!